Scientists at the University at Buffalo and international collaborators have sequenced the most comprehensive reference genome of the Arabica coffee species to date. Their research, published in Nature Genetics, reveals that Arabica originated from natural mating between two other coffee species over 600,000 years ago in Ethiopia. This discovery sheds light on the genetic diversity of Arabica, which is crucial for developing new varieties that can withstand climate change. The study also tracks the history of Arabica's cultivation, from its beginnings in Ethiopia and Yemen to its spread worldwide. The findings highlight the importance of genetic research in protecting crops like Arabica, which is vulnerable to pests, diseases, and climate change due to its low genetic diversity. The reference genome will help in creating more resilient Arabica cultivars, ensuring the future of coffee production amid environmental challenges.
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