Research highlights the complex relationship between coffee consumption and its potential anticancer effects. Coffee contains various phytochemicals that can act as both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. The protective mechanisms of these compounds are not fully understood, but they are thought to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which are linked to cancer development.
• Coffee activates the Nrf2 pathway, which helps cells manage oxidative stress and inflammation.
• Certain coffee compounds, like chlorogenic acids and caffeine, are believed to induce Nrf2 and its protective genes.
• While Nrf2 activation can protect healthy cells, it may also promote cancer progression and drug resistance in cancer cells.
• Components like trigonelline can inhibit Nrf2, potentially reversing some harmful effects in cancer contexts.
Understanding coffee's dual role is crucial as it may offer benefits for healthy individuals while posing risks for those with cancer. Further research is needed to clarify how coffee and its compounds can be used effectively in cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
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